(資料圖)

常見的英語(yǔ)助動(dòng)詞有：be（無詞義），do（無詞義），have（無詞義），shall將要，will將要。

（一）助動(dòng)詞be的用法

1、跟現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成各種進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：

They are playing war games with toy guns and toy tanks. 他們正在用玩具槍和玩具坦克玩戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)游戲。 

We were playing video games on TV last night. 昨晚我們?cè)陔娨暽贤骐娮佑螒颉?nbsp;

2、跟過去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： 

He’s not respected by the press. 他們不受報(bào)界的尊重。 

We were taught how to use a computer last year. 去年教過我們?cè)鯓佑糜?jì)算機(jī)。 

（二）助動(dòng)詞have的用法 

have后面跟過去分詞構(gòu)成各種完成時(shí)態(tài): 

We’ve known each other since three years ago. 我們從三年前就認(rèn)識(shí)了。 

He’s been to Shanghai. 他去過上海。 

（三）助動(dòng)詞do的用法 

1、幫助構(gòu)成實(shí)意動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的疑問式和否定式： 

Do you know John? 你認(rèn)識(shí)約翰嗎？ 

Mary didn’t come to see me yesterday. 瑪麗昨天沒來看我。 

You like this picture, don’t you? 你喜歡這張畫，不是嗎？ 

2、代替前面已經(jīng)提到過的動(dòng)詞，避免重復(fù)： 

Do you smoke? ？Yes, I do. 你抽煙嗎？-是的，我抽。 

I smoke. So does he. 我抽煙。他也抽。 

He doesn’t like it. Neither do I. 他不喜歡，我也不。 

They went swimming yesterday. So did we. 他們昨天去游泳了。我們也去了。 

3、幫助加強(qiáng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)氣： 

I do like you. 我真的喜歡你。 

She/He does like you. 她/他確實(shí)喜歡你。 

She/They/We did go swimming yesterday. 她/他們/我們昨天確實(shí)去游泳了。 

If you do know, answer me in a loud voice so that all may hear. 如果你的確知道，就大聲回答我，以便大家都能聽見。 

be, have, do 都能做實(shí)意動(dòng)詞用： 

These are computers. 這些是計(jì)算機(jī)。 

We’re having breakfast. 我們正在吃早飯。 

I did some washing last night. 我昨晚洗了衣服。 

（四）助動(dòng)詞shall和will的用法 

1、助動(dòng)詞shall/will構(gòu)成一般將來時(shí)；should/would構(gòu)成過去將來時(shí) 

We shall/will be rich, if we succeed. 我們將很富有，如果我們成功的話。 

They will be rich, if they succeed. 他們將很富有，如果他們成功的話。 

They said they would be rich, if they succeeded. 他們說他們將很富有，如果他們成功的話。 

2、shall 用在第一、三人稱作主語(yǔ)的疑問句中，來征求意見，表示“要不要……” 

Shall I go now? 要我現(xiàn)在就走嗎？ 

Shall we invite her, too? 我們也邀請(qǐng)她嗎？ 

Shall the house be insured against fire? 要給房子保火險(xiǎn)嗎？ 

Shall the reporters wait outside or what? 要記者們?cè)谕饷娴冗€是怎樣？ 

3、shall 用于所有人稱，表示說話人的決心、保證、許諾、威脅、警告、命令等強(qiáng)烈的感情。例如： 

You shall have an answer by tomorrow. 到了明天，你會(huì)得到答復(fù)的。 

If he’s good, he shall have a new watch for Christmas. 如果他表現(xiàn)好，在圣誕節(jié)就會(huì)得到一塊新表。 

You shall suffer for this. 你會(huì)為這事吃苦頭/付出代價(jià)的！ 

I don’t want to be hard on them; they shan’t be pressed. 我不想難為他們；不會(huì)過于逼迫他們的。 

They hope to undermine our unity; they shall fail. 他們希望破壞我們的團(tuán)結(jié)：他們不會(huì)成功的。

If you children don’t do as I tell you, you shan’t go to the party. 你們小孩要是不聽話，就不讓你們參加晚會(huì)。 

As a man sows, so he shall reap. 善有善報(bào)，惡有惡報(bào)。（諺語(yǔ)） 

Then you shall come; and you will come too, Ruth, won’t you? 那你得來；Ruth，你也來好嗎？ 

4、would 可以表示過去的習(xí)慣，類似used to: 

He would come to see me on Sunday when he was here. 他在這里的時(shí)候，星期天就來看我。 

The dog would lie there in the sun all afternoon. 那只狗常常整個(gè)下午躺在那里的太陽(yáng)底下。 

When we were children, we would go skating every winter. 小的時(shí)候，每年冬天我們都去滑冰。 

5、will可以表示“愿意、肯、會(huì)、固執(zhí)”等意義，而非將來: 

I meant to reason with you, but you won’t reason. 我打算和你講理，但是你就是不講理。 

I will pay you for it. 我會(huì)付給你錢買下它的。 

Go where you will. 到你愿意去的地方。 

She won’t so much as look at David. 她連看都不看一眼大衛(wèi)。 

We’re going on a climbing trip. Come if you will. 我們要去爬山。你愿意的話就跟我們一起來。 

6、will可以表示傾向、習(xí)慣（總是會(huì)，老是等意思），在否定句中可以表示“不肯、不能”等意思: 

Boys will be boys. 男孩子總歸是男孩子。 

A wise man changes his mind; a fool never will. 聰明人會(huì)改變自己的思想，而傻子卻不會(huì)。 

Sometimes the cat will lie there all morning. 有時(shí)候貓會(huì)整個(gè)下午躺在那里。 

Oil and water will not mix. 油和水是不會(huì)混合在一起的。 

She will sit there for hours, waiting for her son to come back. 她總是在那里坐上好幾個(gè)小時(shí)，等她兒子回來。 

This machine won’t work. 這臺(tái)機(jī)器不工作了/壞了。 

These things will happen. 這樣的事情總是會(huì)發(fā)生的。